Open Access within the German Research Foundation / By Johannes Fournier, German Research Foundation 
开放获取在德国研究基金会的发展 / 约翰尼斯·傅尼埃（德国研究基金会）

Funding organisations such as the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) have a natural interest in the widest possible dissemination of the research results obtained with their financial assistance so that these results can form the basis for further insights. As a result, the DFG, as one of the first signatories to the ‘Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities’ supports the principle of Open Access and, after conducting a representative survey of funded scientists and scholars from all disciplines(62), was also the first German research organisation to put free-of-charge access to the results of publicly funded research on a legal footing at the start of 2006. The guidelines for the use of funds, which apply to all funds approved by the DFG, explicitly call on recipients to make their research results available free of charge either by publishing them in peer-reviewed Open Access journals or by placing them in repositories. In addition, the DFG can make a lump-sum available for each project to help defray the cost of publication in an Open Access journal(63). As legal and material preconditions are not sufficient to usher in a culture of Open Access, however, this article shall outline the activities which the DFG supports in order to make Open Access a reality.
德国研究基金会（Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG）这样的资助机构，期望尽可能广泛地传播由其资助获得的研究成果，以便这些成果成为进一步研究的基础。因此，作为“柏林宣言：开放获取科学与人文科学知识”的第一批签署者，德国研究基金会支持开放获取原则，并在调查各学科被资助的科学家与学者之后（注62），于2006年初成为德国第一个基于法律、让公共资助的研究成果得以免费获取的机构。使用基金的准则，适用于德国研究基金会批准的所有资助，明确要求被资助者使其研究成果免费可得，或发表在同行评审的开放获取期刊，或置于典藏库。此外，德国研究基金会可给予每个项目一笔款项，用以支付在开放获取期刊的发表费用（注63）。由于开放获取文化受法律和物质条件的限制，本文仅简述德国研究基金会为支持开放获取而开展活动。

注62: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Publication Strategies in Transformation? Results of a study on publishing habits and information acquisition with regard to Open Access, Bonn, 2005, http://www.dfg.de/en/dfg_profile/facts_and_figures/statistical_reporting/open_access/index.html.
德国研究基金会：转变中的出版策略？就开放获取对出版习惯及信息获取的研究结果. 波恩，2005
注63: see Guidelines for the Use of Funds (DFG-form 2.012e): 5 (publication of research findings); Research Grants. Guidelines and Proposal Preparation Instructions (DFG-form 1.02e): 6s. (publication expenses).
见：基金使用指南


Information and Awareness-raising ••••
增加信息与知晓度

In order to provide comprehensive information for scientists and scholars on how they can make free access to research results possible, the DFG is supporting the construction of an information platform http://www.open-access.net. On this platform, contents are presented by subject, academic discipline, and role (academics, learned societies, infrastructure service providers, university administrations). Closely intermeshed with this activity is the DFG-funded project ‘Open Access Policies – Was gestatten deutsche Verlage ihren Autoren?’ (What do German publishers allow their authors to do?’)(64), which discusses the conditions on which academic publishers allow articles in respected journals to be additionally made available via repositories. This information, which is also included in an international database, makes it clear at the same time that the ‘green road’ in no way reduces the high quality of the academic work desired by the DFG, as the articles made accessible via repositories have already appeared in traditional journals.
为了向科学家与学者提供完整的信息，让他们了解如何使研究成果自由获取，德国研究基金会支持并建构一个信息平台http://www.open-access.net。在这个平台上，按主题、学科和角色（学者、学会、基础设施服务提供者、大学行政当局），分门别类展示内容。与此活动密切结合，德国研究基金会资助“开放获取政策：德国出版允许作者做那些事？”计划（注64），讨论学术出版社允许期刊论文另行通过典藏库提供使用的条件，这一信息也被纳入一个国际数据库，同时也明确“玉律”绝未降低德国研究基金会所期望的学术作品的高质量，因为可经由典藏库获取的论文，已在传统期刊中出版。

注64: 更多细节见 http://www.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/wirueberuns/projekte/oa-policies/.


Organisation of a publication infrastructure••••
组织出版基础设施

The DFG has supported the organisation of Open Access journals in various academic fields (German Medical Science, Forum Qualitative Social Research, sehepunkte) since the mid1990s. The journal economics (http://www.economics-ejournal.org/), recently launched with DFG funds, introduces open peer review as a quality criterion which is closely linked with Open Access, and in addition intends to provide links from the articles to their primary data. For the ‘golden road’, those projects which aim to transform journals currently subject to licence into Open Access journals would be of particular interest in the future. In this way, the existing reputation of a journal can be transferred to the new form of publication.
1990年代中期以来，德国研究基金会一直支持各学术领域的开放获取期刊的组织，包括《德国医学科学》（German Medical Science）、《定性社会研究》论坛（Forum Qualitative Social Research）、sehepunkte。德国研究基金会资助的杂志《经济学》（http://www.economics-ejournal.org/）最近发布，引入开放式同行评审，作为与开放获取密切相关的质量准则，此外，还打算将论文连接至其原始数据。这些计划致力于将目前采用许可方式的期刊，转换为开放获取期刊，也就是未来可能更有兴趣的“金科”。现有期刊的知名度，可以此方式，转型至新的出版形式。

In order to ensure the user-friendliness of publications accessible via repositories through full-text searches and subject-based browsing, the DFG supports the organisation of a network of certified repositories: this is intended as a German contribution to a European research infrastructure.
为了碓保典藏库出版物访问的用户友好性，采用全文检索与主题浏览，德国研究基金会支持组织经认证典藏库的网络，这是德国对欧洲研究基础设施的贡献。

Integration of disciplinary communities•••••••••••••
整合学科社区

Different academic fields have different practices with regard to publication. These differences should also be respected when it comes to Open Access: for biologists, what is important is the quickest possible access to an article in a journal; for historians, the conveniently accessible electronic edition; for earth scientists, the verifiability of an article through access to the climate data on which it is based. In the debate with different disciplines, a better definition must therefore be reached of where and in what form Open Access is of particular relevance. The DFG thus expects important impetus for the future shaping of this field from the advisory committee of the above mentioned Open Access information platform, which includes representatives of various academic societies.
不同的学术领域对出版有不同的做法，开放获取应尊重此差异：对生物学家，最重要的是尽快获取期刊论文；对历史学家，要方便地获取电子版；对地球科学家，要获取做为论文基础的气候资料，以便验证论文。因而面对不同学科的争论时，应更好地界定开放获取的范围与形式。因此，德国研究基金会期望，由不同的学会代表组成的前述开放获取信息平台的咨询委员会，会成为塑造本领域未来的重要动力。

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Open Access: Opportunities and challenges. A handbook [开放获取 : 机会及挑战] / European Commission/German Commission for UNESCO). -- Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008. -- 144 pp., 14.8 x 21.0 cm. -- ISBN 978-92-79-06665-8. -- EUR 23459, http://tinyurl.com/3q8wo5